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Acute urticaria and Chronic urticaria are common conditions that may be triggered by a wide variety of precipitating factors.

Urticaria is classified into various types, such as Spontaneous urticaria (acute or chronic), Physical urticaria (caused by cold, heat, prolonged pressure, or sun exposure), Induced urticaria / dermatographism, Vibratory angioedema, and other forms like water-induced urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, contact urticaria, or exercise-induced urticaria.

The mast cell is the key cell in the pathogenesis of urticaria. Mast cell degranulation can occur through: IgE-dependent mechanisms, complement-dependent mechanisms, IgG autoantibody-mediated mechanisms, or non-immunological mechanisms.

Since the causes of urticaria are numerous, identifying and removing or limiting the causative factor (e.g., medications, foods, infections) is the first step in its management.

The treatment of choice is H1-antihistamines, mainly second-generation. In more severe or resistant cases, systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, as well as stress management and dietary restrictions, may be used when indicated.

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